Perceptions of artificial intelligence among radiology department professionals in African hospitals: A scoping review

Abstract

Background: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is driving the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare, with radiology emerging as a key area of transformation. Artificial intelligence offers the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and clinical decision-making. However, implementation in Africa is challenged by limited infrastructure, digital capacity, and training. Understanding radiology professionals’ perceptions is vital for guiding effective and ethical adoption.
Aim: This scoping review aimed to identify and map existing literature on the perceptions of radiology professionals regarding the use and adoption of AI in African healthcare settings.
Method: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, a systematic search across Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus identified eight studies (2021–2025) involving 2467 radiology professionals. Data were thematically analysed to map perceptions, opportunities, and barriers to AI adoption.
Results: Radiology professionals generally viewed AI positively, recognising its benefits for diagnosis and efficiency. However, concerns included limited AI knowledge and training, infrastructural and technological constraints, high implementation costs, and weak governance frameworks. Most professionals saw AI as a supportive rather than a replacement tool.
Conclusion: Radiology professionals across Africa are receptive to AI but face educational, infrastructural, and regulatory challenges. Targeted training, stronger digital infrastructure, and robust governance are needed for sustainable adoption.
Contribution: This review consolidates current evidence on African radiology professionals’ perceptions of AI, highlighting critical gaps in knowledge, readiness, and governance that can inform future policy and research.