Barriers and enablers of work–life balance among regulatory affairs pharmacists working remotely in Gauteng, South Africa: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background: Regulatory Affairs (RA) pharmacists in South Africa transitioned to remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic and continued post-restrictions. Limited research on their work–life balance (WLB) experiences hinders supportive workplace policy development and understanding of work–family conflict dynamics to inform sustainable remote work practices.
Aim: This study aimed to explore the WLB experiences of RA pharmacists following the easing of COVID-19 restrictions.
Setting: The study was conducted in Gauteng province, South Africa.
Methods: An exploratory qualitative design used semi-structured interviews guided by Bronfenbrenner’s framework and the Work–Life Harmony model. Data from 17 participants were analysed thematically using inductive and deductive approaches.
Results: The WLB barriers and enablers emerged across socio-ecological levels. The microsystem included boundary challenges, overwork, isolation and adaptive routines. The mesosystem reflected family support, work–life enrichment and competing demands. Exosystem factors, including micromanagement, inconsistent policy implementation and limited resources, undermined flexibility and autonomy, while supportive management and peer collaboration enhanced WLB. Macrosystem regulatory demands, time-zone pressures and an output-driven culture extended working hours. The chronosystem reflected evolving work arrangements and boundary-setting.
Conclusion: Remote and hybrid work increased flexibility, family engagement and reduced commuting for RA pharmacists. However, blurred boundaries, overtime, constant availability, micromanagement, inconsistent policies, staffing shortages and poor support undermined autonomy and mental health.
Contribution: The study provides unique insights into WLB barriers and enablers among RA pharmacists, informing management strategies and psychological support for remote work optimisation.