Risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among university young adults in Zambezi, Namibia

Abstract

Background: Risky sexual behaviours (RSBs) are prevalent among young adults, particularly university students, increasing their vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unplanned pregnancies. While various studies have explored these behaviours in Namibia, limited research exists in the Zambezi region, presenting a gap that this study addresses.

Aim: This study investigates the prevalence of RSBs, associated factors and the need for targeted interventions among university students in the Zambezi region.

Setting: The study was conducted at the University of Namibia’s Katima Mulilo Campus in the Zambezi Region, Namibia.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 231 undergraduate students at the University of Namibia (Katima Mulilo Campus). The survey assessed sexual behaviour, STI knowledge and condom use practices.

Results: Over 61% of participants reported being sexually active, with many initiating sexual activities before the age of 18. Condom use was inconsistent, with 40.7% reporting not using condoms in the past year. Additionally, 15.6% had contracted an STI in the last year, with 6% not seeking medical treatment. Key factors associated with RSBs included marital status and substance use, such as tobacco.

Conclusion: The findings reveal a concerning prevalence of RSBs among university students in the Zambezi region. This underscores the need for targeted interventions addressing social and behavioural determinants of sexual risk-taking.

Contribution: This study emphasises the importance of developing culturally sensitive interventions that promote consistent condom use and improve sexual health education to reduce STI risk and adverse sexual health outcomes.